Semiconductor 2004 to Highlight Far East Opportunities (PRWEB) April 7 , 2004

The implications of ChinaÂ?s fast-growing and heavily subsidised semiconductor sector, Security in Silicon, and new business opportunities in compound semiconductors, will be among the key topics for discussion when 250 high-level decision makers from the European semiconductor industry meet at Semiconductor 2004 at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre in Edinburgh on 17 and 18 June. Now in its fifth year, Semiconductor 2004 is organised by JEMI UK to address the technological and commercial challenges facing the industry. The line-up of speakers for the conference includes Colin Whitehouse, Director of Engineering at CCLRC, one of EuropeÂ?s largest multidisciplinary research organisations, Dr Ian Underwood, a world authority on microdisplay technology, Malcolm Penn, CEO, Future Horizons, Chris Shire, Business Development Manager, Infineon Technologies UK, Dr André Hawryliw, Managing Director, Compugraphics International, George Pollock, IDC, John Docherty, Agere Systems, and Jean-Christophe Eloy, founder of Yole Developpement, a worldwide leader in market research and strategy consulting for the Mems and compound semiconductor fields. Neil Francis of Scottish Enterprise, the main sponsor of this yearÂ?s event commented, Â?Scotland is a key European centre for the semiconductor industry, with a strong academic and industrial base, and Scottish Enterprise is committed to supporting the continuing development of the sector. We are delighted to be working in partnership with Semiconductor 2 K to ensure the continued success of this key event in the European industry calendar.Â? Other sponsors include the National Microelectronics Institute, IDC, The Epichem Group, Tenon Group, Kratos Analytical, Beer & Partners and European Semiconductor. More information from: Sheila Devlin-Thorp on 0131 557 4111 or 07759 329457 or Elaine Townsend on 0131 650 7815 Note to Editors: JEMI UK is the association of manufacturers and suppliers of equipment, materials and services for the Semiconductor manufacturing industry in the UK and Ireland. Confirmed Speakers Malcolm Penn, CEO, Future Horizons, Â?Riding the Semiconductor Industry TsunamiÂ? Chris Shire, Business Development Manager, Infineon Technologies UK Â?Security in SiliconÂ? Dr André Hawryliw, Managing Director, Compugraphics International Â?Photomask Technology: Truth and Uncertainties, Threats and Realities.Â?     Dr Ian Underwood, Director of Strategic Marketing, MicroEmissive Displays Â?The Smallest Flat Panel Displays in the World?Â? George Pollock, IDC, Â?Future Trends in Semiconductor Fabs, Nanotechnology and Flat Panel Display FacilitiesÂ? John Docherty, Agere Systems Jean-Christophe Eloy, General Manager,Yole Developpement Â?Compound Semiconductors: New Business OpportunitiesÂ?     Issued by Sheila Devlin-Thorp at Bizazz PR, PR contractor to Semiconductor 2004 ### by http://infobaru.net/

Does solar power make sense for my building?

The first question should always be whether your building is energy efficient.  Energy efficiency upgrades should always precede or accompany solar investments. Next, do a solar spot check on your own.  Is your roof shaded by trees or other buildings?  If your roof is sloped, is there a south-facing slope?  If there is an uninterrupted southern exposure, your home or building may be ideal for solar PV and/or solar hot water.  Even if you have some shading, solar hot water may still work well because solar thermal collectors absorb diffuse, rather than direct, solar radiation. If your building passes the spot check, then take your investigation to the next level by visiting the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s In My Backyard Solar Mapping Tool at www.nrel.gov/eis/imby to determine your building’s potential system size and estimated production.  Visit www. dsireusa.org for an up-to-date, detailed description of incentives available by state, and browse a list of solar installers in your area at www.nabcep.org/installer-locator or www.findsolar.com . How many solar panels are needed to provide power or hot water for an average home? For a Midwest example, the average residential home in Commonwealth Edison’s service territory in the Chicago metropolitan area uses approximately 720 kWh of electricity per month.  A 3.5 KW PV system would offset more than half of the average household’s electricity consumption.  This size solar system would require about eighteen 200- Watt PV panels.  Looking at the same household’s hot water use, a family of four would use about 80 gallons of hot water every day, on average.  In the Midwest, a good rule of thumb is that 1 square foot of solar thermal collectors is needed for every gallon of hot water consumed per day.  So, supplying 100 % of the daily hot water needs of an average family of four would require an 80 square foot system, or four typical 4 x 6-½ foot panels.

by elpc.org

Does my region get enough sunlight for solar power to make sense?

Solar energy can work just about anywhere.  Most of the United States, has a better solar resource – i.e., receives more solar radiation – than Germany, which is the world’s largest solar market.  Smart policies and proper system design are the two most important factors for determining whether a solar installation will make economic sense. Moreover, solar energy is available when the power is needed most in the energy market – at peak demand times on hot summer days.

by elpc.org

How does solar power connect to the electrical grid?

The solar energy generated by PV panels is converted from DC to AC power by an on-site inverter.  In grid connected systems, the AC electric current can then be routed directly into the home or business or routed to the electric grid via a two-way meter.  In “net metered” systems, the meter runs forward when the home or business is using more power than is generated by the solar panels.  It runs backwards when the solar panels are generating more power than is being consumed on-site.  The system owner receives a credit from the utility for the value of the excess electricity sent to the grid.  In other words, the solar system owner is charged only for the  “net” electricity consumed.

What are the environmental benefits?

Solar energy creates electricity and heat and avoids pollution from conventional coal plants and nuclear plants.  Using national average emission factors, every megawatt-hour of electricity generated through a solar PV panel avoids more than 1 ,300 lbs of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), more than 5 lbs of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and almost 2 lbs of nitrogen oxide (NO x ), and it also avoids producing radioactive nuclear wastes. Solar energy production is highest on hot, sunny days when air conditioners are running and electricity demand peaks.  By providing energy during peak demand times, solar provides a clean alternative to ‘peaking plants,’ that are often the dirtiest and least efficient coal and oil plants.

by elpc.org

How does solar power work?

The two most commonly used types of solar energy technology in the Midwest are photovoltaic (PV) panels and solar thermal collectors.  PV panels contain a semiconductor material (typically silicon-based) which converts sunlight into direct-current (DC) electricity.  An on-site inverter converts the DC power to 120- volt AC power, which can then be connected to a home or building’s power supply or directly to the electricity grid.  Solar thermal collectors absorb the sun’s thermal energy and use it to heat water or other fluids, which can be used for hot water or circulated through a home or building for space heating.

by elpc.org

Tell your Senators to Support Strong Energy and Climate Legislation!

With the introduction of the American Power Act by Senators John Kerry (D-MA) and Joe Lieberman (I-CT), we have the opportunity to make history, reduce global warming pollution and put America back in a leading position in the clean energy economy of the future. The time to act is now. Please tell your Senators that we need to act today to pass strong energy and climate legislation. Every day that the Senate fails to act, we put our economy, our national security and our environment at risk. Now is the time to put America back in control of our energy future with comprehensive clean energy and climate legislation. Americans want action that will create jobs, enhance our national security and reduce carbon pollution. The House has passed historic legislation; now it’s time for the Senate and the Senate Leadership to finish the job.  Let your Senators know that clean energy is the right way to move America forward.

by secure3.convio.net

Agriculture

Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and many other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). The practice of agriculture is also known as "farming", while scientists, inventors and others devoted to improving farming methods and implements are also said to be engaged in agriculture. Subsistence farming, who farms a small area with limited resource inputs, and produces only enough food to meet the needs of his/her family. At the other end is commercial intensive agriculture, including industrial agriculture. Such farming involves large fields and/or numbers of animals, large resource inputs (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.), and a high level of mechanization. These operations generally attempt to maximize financial income from grain, produce, or livestock. Modern agriculture extends well beyond the traditional production of food for humans and animal feeds. Other agricultural production goods include timber, fertilizers, animal hides, leather, industrial chemicals ( starch, sugar, alcohols and resins), fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax), fuels (methane from biomass, ethanol, biodiesel), cut flowers, ornamental and nursery plants, tropical fish and birds for the pet trade, and both legal and illegal drugs (biopharmaceuticals, tobacco, marijuana, opium, cocaine). The 20 th Century saw massive changes in agricultural practice, particularly in agricultural chemistry. Agricultural chemistry includes the application of chemical fertilizer, chemical insecticides, and chemical fungicides, soil makeup, analysis of agricultural products, and nutritional needs of farm animals. Beginning in the Western world, the green revolution spread many of these changes to farms throughout the world, with varying success. Other recent changes in agriculture include hydroponics, plant breeding, hybridization, gene manipulation, better management of soil nutrients, and improved weed control. Genetic engineering has yielded crops which have capabilities beyond those of naturally occuring plants, such as higher yields and disease resistance. Modified seeds germinate faster, and thus can be grown in an extended growing area. Genetic engineering of plants has proven controversial, particularly in the case of herbicide-resistant plants. As of 2006 , an estimated 36 percent of the world's workers are employed in agriculture (down from 42 % in 1996) , making it by far the most common occupation. However, the relative significance of farming has dropped steadily since the beginning of industrialization, and in 2006 – for the first time in history – the services sector overtook agriculture as the economic sector employing the most people worldwide. Also, agricultural production accounts for less than five percent of the gross world product (an aggregate of all gross domestic products). For more information about the topic Agriculture , read the full article at Wikipedia.org , or see the following related articles:

by sciencedaily.com

Solar Experts Detect Waves in Giant Magnetic Holes the Size of the UK

ScienceDaily (Feb. 25 , 2011) — Massive waves in giant magnetic holes on the surface of the Sun have been discovered for the first time by solar scientists from the University of Sheffield and Queen´s University Belfast, something that will bring experts a step closer to unlocking the secrets of the Sun. The Sun is interwoven by a complex network of magnetic field lines that are responsible for a large variety of fascinating features that can be seen in the solar atmosphere. Large, dark regions, which look like holes on the Sun´s surface, mark out areas where the magnetic field breaks through from the Sun´s deep, boiling interior and rises into the very hot solar atmosphere, which is over a million degrees. The largest of these dark regions are often called sunspots and have been studied since their discovery from as early as 364 BC. Led by Professor Robertus von Fay-Siebenburgen, Head of the Solar Physics and Space Plasma Research Centre (SP2 RC) at the University of Sheffield, the team studied a magnetic region of the Sun much smaller than a sunspot, however its size was still many times greater than the size of the UK. Their research, which was published this week in Astrophysical Journal , has shown that the magnetic hole they observed, which is also known as a pore, is able to channel energy generated deep inside the Sun, along the magnetic field to the Sun´s upper atmosphere. The magnetic field emerging through the pore is over 1 ,000 times stronger than the magnetic field of Earth.The energy being transported is in the form of a very special form of waves, known as `sausage waves´ which the scientists were able to observe using a UK-built solar imager known as ROSA ( Rapid Oscillations of the Solar Atmosphere), which was designed by Queen´s University Belfast and is in operation at the Dunn Solar Telescope, Sacramento Peak, USA. This is the first direct observation of `sausage waves´ at the solar surface. The magnetic hole is seen to increase and decrease in size periodically which is a characteristic feature of the `sausage wave.´ The team of experts, including Dr Richard Morton from the University of Sheffield, as well as Professor Mihalis Mathioudakis and Dr David Jess from Queen´s University Belfast, hope these giant magnetic holes will play an important role in unveiling the longstanding secrets behind solar coronal heating. This is because the solar surface has a temperature of a few thousand degrees but the solar corona -- the outermost, mysterious, and least understood layer of the Sun's atmosphere -- is heated to temperatures often a thousand times hotter than the surface. Why the temperature of the Sun´s atmosphere increases as we move further away from the centre of energy production, which lies under the surface, is a great mystery of astrophysics. The findings, which demonstrate the transfer of energy on a massive scale, offer a new explanation for this puzzle. The team now hope to use further similar solar images from ROSA to understand the fine substructure of these massive magnetic holes by reconstructing the images to view what is inside the holes. Professor Robertus von Fay-Siebenburgen, said: "This is a fascinating new discovery in line with a number of discoveries made in recent years by the team. It is the first time that `sausage waves´ have been detected in the Sun with such detail. Analysing these waves may bring us closer to understanding the physical mechanisms in the atmosphere of a star.

by sciencedaily.com

Newborn Heart Muscle Can Grow Back by Itself, Study Shows

ScienceDaily (Feb. 25 , 2011) — In a promising science-fiction-meets-real-world juxtaposition, researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered that the mammalian newborn heart can heal itself completely. Researchers, working with mice, found that a portion of the heart removed during the first week after birth grew back wholly and correctly -- as if nothing had happened. "This is an important step in our search for a cure for heart disease, the No. 1 killer in the developed world," said Dr. Hesham Sadek, assistant professor of internal medicine and senior author of the study available online in the Feb. 25 issue of Science. "We found that the heart of newborn mammals can fix itself; it just forgets how as it gets older. The challenge now is to find a way to remind the adult heart how to fix itself again." Previous research has demonstrated that the lower organisms, like some fish and amphibians, that can regrow fins and tails, can also regrow portions of their hearts after injury. "In contrast, the hearts of adult mammals lack the ability to regrow lost or damaged tissue, and as a result, when the heart is injured, for example after a heart attack, it gets weaker, which eventually leads to heart failure," Dr. Sadek said. The researchers found that within three weeks of removing 15 percent of the newborn mouse heart, the heart was able to completely grow back the lost tissue, and as a result looked and functioned just like a normal heart. The researchers believe that uninjured beating heart cells, called cardiomyocytes, are a major source of the new cells. They stop beating long enough to divide and provide the heart with fresh cardiomyocytes. Dr. Eric Olson, chairman of molecular biology and co- senior author of the study, said that this work is fascinating. "The inability of the adult heart to regenerate following injury represents a major barrier in cardiovascular medicine," said Dr. Olson, who directs the Nancy B. and Jake L. Hamon Center for Basic Research in Cancer and the Nearburg Family Center for Basic and Clinical Research in Pediatric Oncology. "This work demonstrates that cardiac regeneration is possible in the mammalian heart during a window of time after birth, but this regenerative ability is then lost. Armed with this knowledge, we can next work to discover methods to reawaken cardiac regeneration in adulthood." The next step, the researchers said, is to study this brief window when the heart is still capable of regeneration, and to find out how, and why, the heart "turns off" this remarkable ability to regenerate as it grows older. Other UT Southwestern researchers involved in the study were Dr. Enzo Porrello, postdoctoral research fellow in molecular biology and the paper's lead author; Ahmed Mahmoud, graduate research assistant in internal medicine; Emma Simpson, research assistant in pathology; Dr. Joseph Hill, chief of cardiology; and Dr. James Richardson, professor of pathology and molecular biology. The study was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council, the National Heart Foundation of Australia and the American Heart Association.

by sciencedaily.com

New Form of Sulfur Discovered in Geological Fluids

ScienceDaily (Feb. 25 , 2011) — Sulfur is the sixth most abundant element on Earth and plays a key role in many geological and biological processes. A French-German team including CNRS 1 and the Université Paul Sabatier has identified, on the basis of laboratory measurements, a novel form of sulfur present in geological fluids: the S 3 - ion. The discovery calls existing theories about the geological transport of sulfur into question, and could provide ways of identifying new deposits of precious metals such as gold and copper. These findings are published in the Feb. 25 , 2011 issue of the journal Science . Until now, geochemists believed that inside Earth, only two forms of molecules contained sulfur: sulfides (based on H 2 S or S 2- ) and sulfates (based on H 2 SO 4 or SO 4 2- ). Yet they had no way of directly plunging a probe into the hydrothermal fluids 2 that flow through rocks to verify this theory. To get round this problem and test their hypothesis, the French-German team first created fluids similar to those in Earth's crust and mantle, i.e. aqueous solutions containing elementary sulfur (S) and thiosulfates ( molecules containing the S 2 O 3 2 − ion). They then used a diamond anvil cell to bring the fluids to the temperatures and pressures found at depths of several kilometers (several hundred degrees and tens of thousands of atmospheres). The researchers used an optical method known as Raman spectroscopy to identify the chemical species, and they were astounded to discover not two, but three forms of sulfur, the third being the trisulfur ion S 3 - . This was a double surprise: although S 3 - was already known to chemists (it is found in sulfur- containing silicate glass and ultramarine pigments for instance), it had never been observed in an aqueous solution. The detection of S 3 - during these experiments means that sulfur must be considerably more mobile in hydrothermal fluids in Earth's crust than was previously thought. This is because, unlike sulfides and sulfates, which attach to minerals as soon as they appear in fluids, S 3 - proves to be extremely stable in the aqueous phase. In other words, below ground these ions must flow for long distances in dissolved form, taking with them the noble metals to which they may be bound. This chemical species may therefore be the main metal transporting agent in two major types of gold and copper deposits: Archaean greenstone belts 3 and subduction zone magmas. This discovery could provide additional indicators in the search for new deposits, by helping geologists to identify the pathways along which metals travel prior to forming veins. In addition, the presence of S 3 - in hydrothermal fluids could affect sulfur isotope fractionation models (a sort of equivalent to the carbon-14 dating technique), which until now have taken no account of this chemical species. These new findings could for instance help scientists to find out more about the geological conditions in  Earth's crust and on its surface shortly after the appearance of life. Notes 1 . Laboratoire 'Géosciences Environnement Toulouse' ( CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier/IRD) and Bayerisches Geoinstitut/University of Bayreuth. 2 . A hydrothermal fluid is a natural hot, aqueous fluid whose temperature usually exceeds 100° C. 3 . These rocks formed during the Archaean era, between -4 and -2.5 billion years ago.

by sciencedaily.com

Ancient Catastrophic Drought Leads to Question: How Severe Can Climate Change Become?

ScienceDaily (Feb. 24 , 2011) — How severe can climate change become in a warming world? Worse than anything we've seen in written history, according to results of a study recently appearing in the journal Science .An international team of scientists led by Curt Stager of Paul Smith's College, New York, has compiled four dozen paleoclimate records from sediment cores in Lake Tanganyika and other locations in Africa. The records show that one of the most widespread and intense droughts of the last 50 000 years or more struck Africa and Southern Asia 17 ,000 to 16 000 years ago. Between 18 ,000 and 15 ,000 years ago, large amounts of ice and meltwater entered the North Atlantic Ocean, causing regional cooling but also major drought in the tropics, says Paul Filmer, program director in the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Division of Earth Sciences, which funded the research along with NSF's Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences and its Division of Ocean Sciences. "The height of this time period coincided with one of the most extreme megadroughts of the last 50 ,000 years in the Afro-Asian monsoon region with potentially serious consequences for the Paleolithic humans that lived there at the time," says Filmer. The "H1 megadrought," as it's known, was one of the most severe climate trials ever faced by anatomically modern humans. Africa's Lake Victoria, now the world's largest tropical lake, dried out, as did Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and Lake Van in Turkey. The Nile, Congo and other major rivers shriveled, and Asian summer monsoons weakened or failed from China to the Mediterranean, meaning the monsoon season carried little or no rainwater. What caused the megadrought remains a mystery, but its timing suggests a link to Heinrich Event 1 ( or "H1 "), a massive surge of icebergs and meltwater into the North Atlantic at the close of the last ice age. Previous studies had implicated southward drift of the tropical rain belt as a localized cause, but the broad geographic coverage in this study paints a more nuanced picture. "If southward drift were the only cause," says Stager, lead author of the Science paper, "we'd have found evidence of wetting farther south. But the megadrought hit equatorial and southeastern Africa as well, so the rain belt didn't just move--it also weakened." Climate models have yet to simulate the full scope of the event. The lack of a complete explanation opens the question of whether an extreme megadrought could strike again as the world warms and de-ices further. "There's much less ice left to collapse into the North Atlantic now," Stager says, "so I'd be surprised if it could all happen again--at least on such a huge scale." Given what such a catastrophic megadrought could do to today's most densely populated regions of the globe, Stager hopes he's right. Stager also holds an adjunct position at the Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono. Co-authors of the paper are David Ryves of Loughborough University in the United Kingdom; Brian Chase of the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier in France and the Department of Archaeology, University of Bergen, Norway; and Francesco Pausata of the Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway.

by sciencedaily.com

Migrating Cells Flow Like Glass: Research Advances Understanding of Wound Healing, Cancer Metastasis, and Embryonic Development

ScienceDaily (Feb. 21 , 2011) — By studying cellular movements at the level of both the individual cell and the collective group, applied physicists have discovered that migrating tissues flow very much like colloidal glass.
The research, led by investigators at Harvard's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and the University of Florida, advances scientists' understanding of wound healing, cancer metastasis, and embryonic development. The finding was published online Feb. 14 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Cells often move from one part of the body to another. In a developing embryo, for example, cells in the three germ layers have to arrange themselves spatially so that the cells that will become skin are all on the outside. Similarly, as a cancerous tumor expands, the cells proliferate and push others aside. In wound healing, too, new cells have to move in to replace damaged tissue. It is well known that cells accomplish these movements through internal cytoskeletal rearrangements that allow them to extend, retract, and divide. At some point during the migration, though, the new tissue settles into place and stops. "We're trying to understand it from a fundamental point of view," says principal investigator David Weitz, Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at SEAS. "What we're really trying to get at is, why do things stop moving?" The glass under discussion here is not the kind used in windows -- though that is part of the larger category. Glasses include any amorphous materials that are viscous enough to remain solid for a reasonable period of time (often considered to be 24 hours) but which flow over longer periods (see sidebar). Cream that is churned into butter goes through a sort of glass transition, as the increasing density of particles in the fatty emulsion forces it to become solid. Like any glass, butter will lose its form if the temperature rises. As supercooled fluids and colloids (like cream) become more dense and approach the glass transition, the particles exhibit certain characteristic motions. "We study this extensively," says Weitz, who leads the Experimental Soft Condensed Matter Group at SEAS. " We take small particles, and we increase their concentration more and more until they stop moving and they become a glass -- and we understand how that behaves very well." Living cells, though, add several levels of complexity to the system: they vary in size, shape, and rigidity; they divide; they sense their environment; and they exert their own forces on their surroundings. "What is really surprising to us in this research with tissues," says Weitz, "is that many of the features that inert particles exhibit as their concentration increases are also exhibited by cells. The real qualitative difference is that small particles move only because of thermal motion, whereas cells actually move themselves." To simulate and study the migration of living tissue, Weitz's team deposited thousands of epithelial cells -- specifically, canine kidney cells -- onto a polyacrylamide gel containing the protein collagen. The researchers watched them grow and move under a microscope while measuring the individual and collective cellular movements, as well as the changes in density caused by proliferation. The researchers found that when the cells are in a confluent layer (meaning that the cells are close enough to be touching), they flow like a liquid. However, when cell density increases past a certain threshold, the tightly packed cells begin to inhibit each other's movement. As a result, some cells are able to travel in groups, while others hardly get to move at all. In other words, they behave just like a supercooled fluid or colloidal suspension transitioning into a glass. "The implications for biological processes are very surprising," says lead author Thomas E. Angelini, formerly a postdoctoral researcher at SEAS and now an Assistant Professor at the University of Florida. "Imagine a model wound in which a large group of cells are removed from the middle of a confluent layer," he says. "Cells will migrate inward to fill the void. Our results demonstrate that the low density of cells in the center of the wound is analogous to a raised temperature in the center of a molecular glass, causing flow within the hotter region." "You could say that a wound is melted glass." Weitz and Angelini's co-authors include Edouard Hannezo, of the Ecole Normale Superieure, in France; Xavier Trepat, of the Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, the Universitat de Barcelona, and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias, in Spain; Manuel Marquez, of YNano, LLC; and Jeffrey J. Fredberg, of the Harvard School of Public Health. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation's Division of Materials Research, the Harvard Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers, and the University of Malaga.

by sciencedaily.com

Nerve Bundles in Visual Cortex of the Brain in Blind People May Process Sense of Touch

ScienceDaily (Feb. 22 , 2011) — The Stripe of Gennari develops even in those who are blind from birth and does not degenerate, despite a lack of visual input. This was discovered by Robert Trampel and colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences using magnetic resonance imaging. This bundle of nerve fibers, which is approximately 0.3 mm thick, is not exclusively responsible for optic information. In the blind, it might play a greater role in processing tactile stimuli. This could contribute to an enhanced sense of touch and support fast reading of Braille. ( Cerebral Cortex , Online 10. 02. 2011) The Stripe of Gennari -- also known as the 'Stria of Gennari' -- transverses the gray matter of the primary visual cortex as a distinct white line. "Although the visual cortex is one of the best-studied parts of the brain, and the Stripe of Gennari is a rather obvious structure, why it develops and what its function is has not previously been studied in detail," explains Robert Trampel from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. "An obvious connection with sight was assumed."However, as is now clear, this cannot be the only function of the stripe of Gennari: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, the researchers found the stripe of Gennari in the brains of congenitally blind subjects. "This brain structure therefore can't exclusively be involved in vision and must be capable of carrying out other tasks," says Trampel. In the blind, the Stripe of Gennari could play a role in supporting the sense of touch, the scientists speculate. "This faculty is essential in reading Braille and the region carrying the Gennari-Stripe is known to show an increased activity in the blind when performing this task." All participants in the present study were highly proficient in reading Braille, having responded to an advertisement written in Braille in a newspaper for the visually impaired. However, since the stripe of Gennari is already present in the first years of life and does not degenerate, it is likely to have an important role already in early infancy. In blind people, the brain uses tactile and acoustic stimuli to construct a rough spatial representation of the surroundings in the absence of visual information. The stripe of Gennari might play a role in this process and could later support highly demanding tactile tasks, like Braille-reading. In future studies with fMRI, the researchers aim to learn more about the work of this versatile nerve bundle in the human brain.

by sciencedaily.com

Nokia Codes

Some Codes here... May work... May not wok... Nokia Code function *3370 # This Nokia code activates Enhanced Full Rate Codec ( EFR) - Your Nokia cell phone uses the best sound quality but talk time is reduced my approx. 5 % #3370 # Deactivate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) . *#4720 # Activate Half Rate Codec - Your phone uses a lower quality sound but you should gain approx 30 % more Talk Time. *#4720 # With this Nokia code you can deactivate the Half Rate Codec. *#0000 # Displays your phones software version, 1 st Line : Software Version, 2 nd Line : Software Release Date, 3 rd Line : Compression Type . *#9999 # Phones software version if *#0000 # does not work. *#06 # For checking the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI Number) . #pw+ 1234567890+1 # Provider Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols).

to give online tv in blog

copy paste script in under in gadget html/javascript

<div id="NamaTV"></div><div id="TVstyle"></div><div class="tvborder"><iframe id="fsTVframe" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" name="TVPlayerWb" allowtransparency="true"></iframe></div><ul id="fsTVOnline"></ul><div class="clear"></div><span id="TVsource"></span><style>#wb_fs_tvinternetplayers{display:none;visibility:hidden;}</style><a id="wb_fs_tvinternetplayers" href="http://www.warungbebas.com/">Warung Bebas TV Streaming</a><script type="text/javascript" src="http://dns.warungbebas.com/4you/wb_fs_scriptwidget.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">wbwidget('loadtvcodeinternetplayers','calltvcodeonlineindonesia',4,2,10)</script><script type="text/javascript">fsCallListTVOnline(300,215,40,0);</script>

to verify paypal account with bank account

step
1 ) add your bank account into your paypal account.
2 ) scan your bank account book and identity card which you use to fill your bank data note : image format must be gif / jpg and the size of both of them should be a maximum of 500KB .
3 ) and then send both the images to manualverify@paypal.com .
4 ) is complete , then wait 2-3 days.
5 ) check your paypal account if it is verified if it has been verified means you 've managed to do the verification .

to give animation in cursor

This is the steps of how to install designed cursor for your Blogger blog. ready?
1) Go to Blogger Layout > HTML
2) and Look for this code: <body>
3) Copy the code below, and paste the cursor code below the <body> tag <style type=’text/css’>body, a, a:hover {cursor: url( http: //cur.cursors-4 u.net/holidays/hol-3 /hol264. cur ), progress;} </style> 5) Save your template and you’re pretty much done. If you want to change your animated cursor, you can pick one here http://www.cursors-4 u.com/ and simply replace the highlighted url in green to your selected cursor.

to instal online chat in blog

Put up in blogs Applications Chat up on the blog I finally get that too, for the bloggers while Facebookers who would have chatingan own blog on facebook like it loh, I have a little tutorial for you. Chat up, does not mean your blog such as facebook, it's just in your blog there are applications like chat on facebook, so who knows because there is this chat application you blog visitors crowded, because there is chatingnya, people usually prefer faster chat chat karna and a brief to send messages to friends. Okay friends directly aj dh, who want to place an application for facebook chat on his blog just follow the steps I have prepared below. As always my friend, you must login first click Layout - Page Elements - Click Add a Gadget, but gadgetnya have the following post, for which there is no you just drag that in addition, can koq if forced. You select the HTML / JavaScript Keeps you copy the code below, and you put your new digadget Html / JavaScript

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.footerchat. com/chat/cons.js"></script><br /><script type="text/ javascript"> autoLogin('Username');</script>

After that you save. How is it easy, you no longer need to edit-edit your blog, if you've managed to do not forget love ya comment ..

How to build a social network

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Go through your address book, day planner, or other contact information for your current friends and contacts . Make connection with them just to talk. The subject of your conversation isn't really important at this point. Just staying in touch works wonders and will serve as the foundation for the next steps. Ads by Google Value of Social Networks To friend or not? Life sciences industry report on social networks. www.Deloitte.com/us Throw a party . Either a birthday party or just a friendly get together. Ask all of your close friends to come and tell them that they can bring a guest. Speak with everyone at the party and get phone numbers and contact information from those you do not know and that you share common interests with. Join an Internet message board or community that focuses on one of your interests (such as wikiHow ;) ) . Post on the topic and share your knowledge. If someone on the message board has similar interests or can teach you something, then send them an email or a private message and get to know them. Attend weddings, funerals and parties that you are invited to . Showing that you care about the people in your network, even if you just pop in and say hi, will cause those that are in your 'network' to return the same courtesy. And, you could meet other people there too. Send a weekly email to some of your most valued contacts just to touch base . Ask how they are doing, how their family is, how their job is going. Be sincere! Consider volunteering and joining a cause that you believe in . Perhaps a cancer or AIDS walk or fundraiser. Or perhaps a political campaign for a candidate that you share political views with. Attend conferences concerning the topics you are interested in . Whether they are about technology, skiing or scrapbooking, you will meet new people that share similar interests. Start your own group . This can be a bit of a daunting task, but if you start your own group, whether an internet bulletin board group or an actual meet and greet group, people will be coming to you instead of you looking for them. This is a great way to meet new contacts and friends. Should you be seeking a job, don't hesitate to tell everyone in your network about it . Send out resumes to those you are closest to or those that share business interest. Ads by Google Custom Social Websites Launch Your Social Website in 60 Seconds + Activate Your Social Hub. www.ning.com Download MindTouch Ideal for Developer/Partner Network WYSIWYG, Mashups & Collaboration! MindTouch.com/Developer-Partner Social Networking Program Online Social Media Marketing MBA Program. Request Information Now! www.SNHU.edu